LAND LAW SUMMATIVE ASSIGNMENT DECEMBER 2012 Essay

LAND LAW SUMMATIVE ASSIGNMENT DECEMBER 2012 - Essay Example However, the privileges of a recipient under a trust exist given that Thirty years ago Susan paid the original deposit on the house from her own savings. The rights of a beneficiary under a trust are created formally or arises informally either by a covenant between the couple or following a financial contribution made by Susan to the cost of improving or buying the farm. A legal interest, which is binding or overriding in the case is the rights of occupation. Susan does not jointly own the farm with Edward, but has a statutory rights of occupation referred to as home rights, which arise in cases of a civil or marriage partnership. The case of Susan actual occupation being overriding in expressed in the case Williams and Glyn’s Bank Ltd v Boland [1981] AC 487.1 (ii) Considering the fact that Edward has granted Jayasuriya a right to exclusive occupation of a cottage on the farm by deed for seven years period, Jayasuriya holds leasehold of the farm by deed. This implies that Jay asuriya has a right in the property that may be enforceable. A lease can be provided for a fixed term such as seven years, which is the case of Jayasuriya, it may be periodic tenancy running from a single period to another until one party ends the lease by providing the other party with a notice of its termination. The possibility of the exclusive occupation right by deed may bind Adams given that he never knew the arrangement between Jayasuriya and Edward. The nature of this right is an equitable right. The equitable right will remain binding if the buyer has notice of the existence or presence of the right, the right has not been overreached, and the buyer is not a bona fide buyer for value of the legal farm without notice. 2 However, it is recommended that the mirror principle be applied, which outlines the interests attached to the land. This could have been very valuable for Adam prior to purchasing of the farm from Edward. (iii) A possibility exists that Gunawansa, Edward Mull et’s neighbor may posses similar right to an easement. The easement need to accommodate the dominant tenement. This implies that it must posses some direct beneficial impact or influence on the dominant land. In order for an easement to contain the overriding land it is not fundamental that the servient and dominant land be near or adjacent to each other, even though they need to be sufficiently near each other for the easement to be of direct benefit to the dominant or principal land. Pugh v Savage [1970]2, a â€Å"right of way† existed over a single field in order to get to the other, but a third field also lay between the dominant and servient fields. The right of way was regarded or held as a valid easement.3 Section 1(2) of the LPA 1925 has a provision, which states that, the only charges or interest in or over land that is capable of subsisting or of being created or conveyed at law is an easement, right, privilege in or over land for an interest that is equivale nt to an estate or farm in fee simple absolute in possessions or a term of absolute years. (iv) In legal terms, the occupation of the attic room in the main farmhouse by Maria appears to be a licensee implying that she is on the property of her father with the license or permission and thus not a trespasser. A family arrangement or plan of this nature

Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Most important amongst the ever-recurring and constant troubles in the field of police administration is that concerned with creating and sustaining a successful method of communication. Communication is the most important medium for concerning agreement between all the personnel of a department as to the police goals. It is the foundation for a regular and ongoing understanding of problems and accomplishments practiced on a continuing basis to reach their final objectives. The process of successful communications in a department starts with the leadership establishing clear guidelines how its personnel should interact with each other, whether it is by memo, emails, forms, daily briefings or training. Leadership in any organization must identify and mandate the objectives of the organization. Pfiffner (1951) stated â€Å"In all management situations, communication consists of organizational relationships and mechanics on the one hand, and the human factor on the other, in actuality both existing together. † Communication is the method of transmitting cues, mostly written and oral, in order to adjust human behavior. The communication process works in three steps, initiate, transmit, and impact. In a police department, initiate and transmit could be where the desk sergeant, issues the daily tasking that he receives from his leadership to his patrol officers beginning a shift. Impact takes place when the officers going out on patrol implement the tasking given and could be discussing the tasking amongst each other as well to gain feedback. Hearing is a passive occurrence that requires no effort. Listening, on the other hand, is a conscious choice that demands your attention and concentration† (Livestrong, 2001). The differences between hearing and listening is that when someone is speaking and you are hearing when you just hear the words coming out, not really paying attention to all of what is said. When listening, you are collecting thought on what is being said, but if you think you already know what the person is talking about, a person could just disregard the words that were just passed. There are generally four basic levels of hearing and listening, according to Toast Masters. org. You can easily fall into one or these more categories in different conversations. A non-listener is totally preoccupied with his personal thoughts and though he hears words, he doesnt listen to what is being said. Passive listeners hear the words but dont fully absorb or understand them. Listeners pay attention to the speaker, but grasp only some of the intended message. Active listeners are completely focused on the speaker and understand the meaning of the words without distortion† (Livestrong, 2011). Communications are vital in law enforcement. Police personnel have to comprehend the importance of tone of voice, pitch, and variation, the variances of hearing and listening. Facial expressions, body movements and posture are also significant for effective communications. Cultural and ethnic dynamics are essential factors of a police officer’s communication skills. The formal and informal channels of communication in criminal justice organizations are two distinct processes. Formal relations, occupation explanations, duties and processes are found in formal communication channels. These channels match the formal chains of command, and accountability recognized in organizational charts, standard operating procedures, and policy manuals. For many police departments and organizations, formal communication channels are the primary standard and rarely differentiate. Informal channels are considered a â€Å"grapevine or rumor mill† type construct. Police officers discussing an incident in the locker room can be considered informal, and if the district attorney and a defense lawyer are chatting about a case at lunch or a washroom are prime examples for informal channels of communications. In an informal channel of communication, the original words that were spoken could be altered, invalid, and misconstrued so much in a department, that the information can provide inefficiency in any organization. â€Å"Barriers to communication often arise when one party is concerned about personal or professional status. The four basic categories, or types, of obstacles to effective communication are as follows: (1) emotional barriers, (2) physical barriers, (3) semantic barriers, and (4) ineffective listening. Each of these barriers can cause either the sender or the receiver to fail to communicate effectively† (Wallace and Roberson, 2009). Emotional barriers can exist in the receiver or the sender. Individuals base their translating of information on respective occurrences and beliefs. If a person believes they will be not taken seriously or made fun of when making a idea, then they will not participate in discussions or send their message. When a police officer has a case of low esteem, it could affect their duties on the street, believing that they might not be able to make a difference, stop certain criminals, and that barrier can cost the lives of innocent people or even peers. Physical barriers are the properties of an atmosphere that can cause communications to be challenging. Examples of physical barriers include equipment that does not work properly, having one officer on patrol instead of a team of two officers patrolling together in a bad neighborhood. Semantic barriers can cause differences between individuals, when one person might say one thing, and another forms an entirely different conclusion to that was said. This form of barrier can exist in a department where communication is very poor from the leadership down to the most junior personnel. Ineffective listening will occur if law enforcement personnel fail to pay attention to what others are communicating. The subject of discussion might bore or be irrelevant to certain persons, or just be to complicate to comprehend, and that transmission will be useless. Effective communication is fundamental in any chain of command. Leadership must be able to communicate its orders and direction to subordinates in a clear, concise manner, and with a positive message, so subordinate’s can perform to the best of their ability and listen to the message that is spoken, instead of just hearing what they want to hear. For an organization to communicate effectively, a person must be able to overcome the barriers that exist, and change one’s thoughts or feelings with another coworker. Taking personal responsibility ensures their workplace operates smoothly, and can rid the barriers that may plaque the organization.

The Cold War :: American History, Soviet Union, War

In the immediate aftermath of WWII, the world was split into two opposing camps that, though they did not fight directly, were actively engaged in the Cold War. This war did not end until the USSR broke apart in 1991. The Cold War was both created and prolonged by the interconnected economic and ideological tensions of the East and West Blocs. The ideological systems of the two powers were viewed as being complete opposites in their goals and experienced increasing animosity toward each other. This in turn influenced the economic policies that drove the main powers of the Cold War even further apart. By far, the biggest contributor to the formation of the Cold War was the fact that both sides believed the communist Soviet Union and the capitalist west ideologies were incompatible with each other. The essence of the Cold War was seen as the opposition of communism and capitalism (Kishlansky, Geary, and O’Brien 874). This belief was present as soon as 1946, when Winston Churchill gave a speech characterizing the Soviet Union as a government that was capable of trying to â€Å"enforce totalitarian systems upon the free democratic world† (Churchill 303). He also contrasted the Soviet Union as a state where control was â€Å"enforced upon the common people by†¦ police governments,† while the U.S. and Great Britain embodied â€Å"the great principles of freedom and the rights of man† (Churchill 303). This belief did not abate as the Cold War dragged on, and caused even more animosity between the two blocs. Even as late as 1961, Khrushchev’ s address to the Communist Party Congress still proclaimed the main driving force of the Soviet Union to be the â€Å"competition of the two world social systems, the socialist and the capitalist† (Khrushchev 307). This perceived ideological incompatibility also contributed to the formation of alliances in the East and West blocs. These alliances in turn prolonged the Cold War. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was first formed in 1949 as protection of capitalist countries from the USSR, and it was still bringing countries into it’s membership all the way up untill Spain’s entrance in 1982. The Soviets responded to this with yet another alliance group in Eastern Europe, the Warsaw Pact (Kishlansky, Geary, and O’Brien 876). Former colonies were also forced to choose an allegiance with either the capitalist or communist camps (Kishlansky, Geary, and O’Brien 877).

Modern Art Essay

Some people consider modern arts not serious. In this regard, the question â€Å"Can we think of modern art as real art? † comes into existence. So to answer to this question we need to take for consideration what is art in general and what forms it has. There are a variety of arts, including visual arts and design, decorative arts, plastic arts and the performing arts. So, Art is defined as the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination. And artistic expression takes many forms: painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, music, literature, and architecture are the most widely recognized forms. To begin with, when we speak about modern art, in most cases we think about the field of fine arts. Because exactly fine arts underwent the visible changes for centuries. The number of styles of painting is enormous. Artistic works can be grouped by styles according to the common principles of creative thinking. Each epoch is characterized by a certain worldview; that is why throughout the centuries the ways of thinking about art was also changing. Fine arts faced such styles as Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism, Realism, Impressionism and so on. Modern art refers to works produced during the period from 1870. Typically, modern artists rejected previous Renaissance-based traditions, in favour of new forms of artistic experimentation. They used new materials, new techniques of painting, and developed new theories about how art should reflect the perceived world. And nowadays there exists a great amount of styles of Modern art, for example: Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Performance Art, Dada Style, Neoplasticism, Surrealist Style, Postminimalism, Graffiti Art, etc. Concerning the question of modern art it’s quite difficult to judge, but nevertheless people are divided into two sides: pros and cons. First and foremost art implies the inseparability of form and content and of course talent. Famous artists affirmed that it is necessary to master the skill – the main component of the art. But many modern works have lack of this component. Modern art has no its purpose to create the artistic work, that is why modern artists are indifferent to internal connection of form and content. Therefore it is impossible without accompanying comment; for example the artist can grab a canvas, paint it in different colours and put some strokes on it, and this kind of painting can represent his happiness. Because it is often said that modern art can be done without any talent or efforts. After all real art needs to show emotion, beauty, and needs to be a window to the artist’s  emotions. Art is something that you see and must look deeply into to understand or find beauty in. Modern art is art that a 5 year old can do so it has too little effort to be considered art. Many people believe that such so called artists are supported by the mass media, that is why their works are sold for million dollars. Every person could take a brush and do smth like that, but no one would buy this daub. They say Leonardo was a great artist. Raphael was a great artist, but modern ones can’t be compared. So for the great majority of people modern art is not serious. On the other hand, who is anyone to judge what â€Å"real† art is? After all our understanding of art comes to nothing more than our school knowledge about periods of Renaissance, Classicism or Modern. Just because one doesn’t like or understand the art, doesn’t mean that the art is not real art. Besides, it should be noted that there is the term â€Å"contemporary art†, meaning the work of artists of the 90-ies of XX century. It represents the mirror of contemporary world. And often great

Different Kinds of Sports Essay

Sports can serve an important role in society. From an early age, children who participate in individual or team sports can learn the value of teamwork, discipline, leadership and effective communication. Sports also helps bring people from different nations together, despite their differences. For example, the World Cup soccer tournament and the Olympics allow nations to compete in a friendly environment and galvanize national pride Combat Combat sports are sporting activities in which two competitors must best each other through some kind of physical contact under a specific set of rules. Combat sports often take place in a ring, a cage or on a mat, and are typically structured to be contested in rounds. Examples of combat sports include boxing, wrestling, mixed martial arts which is a free-form sport that combines Judo, Karate, Fencing, Kung-Fu, Kick Boxing, Taekwondo and various forms of grappling such as Jiu-jitsu. Extreme Extreme sports are designed to provide intense thrills based on the level of danger represented by the activity. They are performed in a variety of settings and situations and unlike other sports in which injury is a possibility, extreme sports enthusiasts are attracted by the fact that injury and the possibility of death are the norm. Examples of extreme sports are cliff diving, hang-gliding, extreme rollerblading, BMX freestyle, which is an extreme form of bicycle riding that involves complex tricks and jumps, Parkour — also known as free running — in which runners scale walls, jump between buildings and balance on ledges, extreme skateboarding and skydiving. (see references 3) Water Water sports can take place in an enclosed area or in a river, ocean or lake. Water sports can be more grueling than land-based sports due to the resistance that water provides against movement. The most basic water sport is swimming, which also includes high diving. Other examples of water sports are water polo, surfing, kayaking, white-water rafting — which can also be an extreme sport depending on the level of rapids you encounter — sailboat racing, water skiing, and wake boarding — which involves being strapped to a board as you move through the water. Ball Some of the most commonly-known individual and team sports are played with a ball. In the U.S., football is a well-known sport that is played at every level from youth to the National Football League. Throughout the world, basketball, soccer, softball and baseball are sports that are widely played. Although hockey substitutes a puck for a ball, it is a sport that is played in the United States, Europe and Russia. Other sports that utilize a ball are cricket, tennis, racquetball, handball, lacrosse, rugby and golf. Motor Motor sports involve vehicles such as motorcycles, motorbikes, cars and other kinds of vehicles that are powered by engines. For participants, motor sports are a high-octane experience that features explosive velocity, hairpin turns and the real possibility of having an accident. For fans, motor sports provide the exhilaration of watching spectacular crashes and vehicles in a constant state of acceleration. Examples of motor sports include race car driving, motorcycle racing, motorbike racing, off-road ATV racing and dirt-bike racing.

Barriers to corporate entreneurship Essay Example

Barriers to corporate entreneurship Essay Example Barriers to corporate entreneurship Essay Barriers to corporate entreneurship Essay Corporate entrepreneurship(CE) is the process where an individual or a group of individuals, in association with an existing organization, create a new organization or instigate renewal or innovation within that organization (Sahara / Chairman 1999). Corporate entrepreneurship involves a wide range of activities, which include the birth of new activities, renewal or reevaluating of existing operations in the business. Corporate venture capital, which predominantly pursues financial investments in external companies. POOR MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP Leadership styles include democracy, laissez fairer and autocracy. Some management styles can be too strict or inflexible to allow entrepreneurial operations to take place in a business organization. Limited managerial autonomy with high degree of interference may discourage innovation and creativity. Lack of support from top management may also be a barrier to corporate entrepreneurship. According to Cornwall and Perlmans (1990) short-term goal orientation may discourage bigger, longer term, high capital return entrepreneurial initiatives. The COPY management was short sighted when it purchased buses from China. Right now most of these uses are no longer running and yet they are expensive to repair. Solution Management should increase the extent of autonomy and the degree of specialization within the organization. They should choose an appropriate leadership style that gives employees the will and capacity to carry out entrepreneurial activities. After all, the management must include people who are skilled, experienced and have vast knowledge regarding the running of such businesses. Some critics are suggesting that the current board of COPY has overstayed hence there is need to rotate the members in order to have a dynamic vision and dervish. SIZE The size of an organization plays a significant role in its ability to take up CE activities. Small business organizations tend to be good drivers of CE than larger organizations. This is because small firms are more flexible. Jennings (1994) suggested that large organizations generally use inflexible rules and procedures to administer the routine tasks of the organization. Thus large bureaucratic organizations are barriers to CE because they have red tape which slows decision making. The COPY became so large at some time and started to suffer from discomposes of scale. In 1993 it had 1200 buses operating in 426 routes. Thus it became too inflexible to encourage or sustain CE. Management must continuously analyses the business and change its the direction before disaster becomes inevitable. In the case of COPY it should have set sights on regional routes when it became too big to be efficient and sustainable. DISCRIMINATION Unfair treatment of people regarding race, ethnicity, gender and age may be a barrier to CE. Some may even treat people with disabilities differently to people without disabilities. Discrimination based in misguided stereotypes about the abilities of people with disabilities greatly affects the ability of a business to undertake CE. In a business set up experienced employees may look down upon young and fresh from university employees as people who are keen to apply text book staffs which are not applicable in the real world of business. Such kinds of discrimination immensely affect the ability of an organization to carryout CE. In the case of COPY there has been great discrimination towards its retired and elderly workers. Over the years it has failed to pay severance packages to its former workers who have dedicated most of their lives to the company. This may negatively affect the current crop of workers who may fear that the same may happen to them. As a result they end not willing to take part in entrepreneurial activities. The first option that is currently available to COPY is to pay its retrenchment and severance packages to its former workers. Organizations need to come up with policies to fight all kinds of discriminations, be it gender, race or age. SYSTEM BARRIERS Bureaucratic reporting is one main system which limits CE activities. In a large organization, a document may need to be signed by six people. People usually pay ore attention to procedures and form than to the contents and detail on the document. The reward system in an organization may discourage innovation within the employees. This also includes lack of incentives to creativity. Hierarchical levels in an organization may slow down upward flow of information. Sometimes good ideas get stuck somewhere within the hierarchy thus blocking access to CE. The traditions of higher penalties for failed innovations also discourage CE. In order for a significant initiative to take place within COPY it has to be approved by the minister of transport. This may take years before it finally reaches the minister. Hence a tall reporting system may discourage entrepreneurial initiatives among employees. The organization must call for flexible reporting and communication relationships among different divisions and employees. Top down and bottom up communication must be quick to allow efficient decision making. The company must also adapt to flat organizational structures. CULTURE Legged and Handle (1997) suggested that the effective management of corporate entrepreneurship involves managing a culture which includes all staff as self- perceived entrepreneurs, praising failures as well as successes and the allowance of seasoned that frequent communications across departmental lines and among people with dissimilar views facilitate the appropriate organizational context for CE. Cohesive work groups that allow for open conflict resolution procedures also encourage CE. However in other organizations conflict is not tolerated at all and is viewed as bad. The traditional view to conflict that it is raised by trouble makers. Some of the solutions include the education of employees through workshops to enlighten workers on the need to tolerate conflict as a way of finding new ideas from different people because employees may have various perspectives. The company just create a culture of rewarding innovation rather than compliance. It may also invite suggestions from customers through placing suggestion boxes in buses. CORRUPTION Corruption in an organization is like a cancer in a human beings body. It spreads quickly and destroys the organization to its ground. Corruption may become embedded into the organization and quickly become a social norm in an organization. It also discourages innovation by lower level managers because it may expose existing corruption practices. Former COPY chairman Charles Nearer was arrested in 2006 for corruption in relation to bus procurement and faced a Jail entente. Corruption discourages potential entrepreneurs who are unwilling to engage in corrupt behavior from taking part in corporate entrepreneurship. There should be transparency in the running of the business. Sometimes there might be need to carry out a complete overhaul of the organization and expose all corruption activities. If it is possible the whole management may need to be removed in order for the organization to start on a fresh page. In the case of COPY the government must create a commission to crack down corruption in the company in order to restore it as the alpha and omega of the transport sector in Zanzibar. STRATEGIC BARRIERS These are barriers that result from unclear objectives within a company. An organization needs to the SOOT analysis. The SOOT analysis refers to strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the environment in which the business operates. An organization also needs to understand its position in the market or industry and where it aims to be in the future. Lack of clear vision of allowing employees to take part in CE is a great barrier to entrepreneurship. In COPY there is no specific policy to regarding CE. The strategy of an organization must be dynamic and not static. It must quickly spend to changes in the micro and macro environments. It must choose strategies that give it a competitive advantage over others in the business. COPY must take advantage of the agriculture based economy in Zanzibar and operate a haulage trucks that transport inputs and outputs from farmers. POLITICAL The involvement of politics in public sector bodies is a vital constraint to the pursuit of entrepreneurship. Want et al. (1992) suggested that public sector management has to be sensitive to political considerations. Inconsistence in the appointment of management by government is also a barrier to CE. Thus political influences affect innovation and CE. Boring (1998) discovered that public sector managers tend to organize their new programs in a way that does not raise eye brows. This kind of political fear stifles CE. In June 2012, parliament called for the removal of COPY management amid accusations of massive looting of property. At one time a certain high ranking government official was accused of taking fuel from COPY without objection. This kind of political interference and influence discourage CE. Solution There should be less government interventions to small brawls within the organizations. The government must allow some breathing space for managers to make decisions on their own. In other words increased autonomy should be given to management in order to foster innovation. ECONOMIC BARRIERS. Harsh external environment and stiff competition can act as a barrier to CE. These include high inflation rates, high taxation and high import costs. The ever rising fuel prices led to the significant decrease in Soupà §ons profitability to run its operations. As a company in the public sector sometimes it operated at a loss Just to provide a service to the public. High import duties limited the companys ability to refurbish existing buses. COPY cited a depleted fleet, poor revenue inflows and ballooning debt for its problems. Its operating profit margins declined from 26 per cent to 4 per cent as of March 2010. Stiff competition from commuter omnibus also led to decline in profitability of the company. All these economic barriers reduce profit and cash flow hence the organization may fail to fund CE activities. Solution At the moment about 34 per cent of Soupà §ons total expenditure are wage expenses. So the company may lay-off some workers in the name of trying to fight survival. This action can be seen as unethical but there is need to understand that survival of the entire company is at stack. Another option is to slowly come back into business by charging very low fares to fight competition from private transport companies and commuter omnibuses. They may also try to operate in routes where there is less competition. All these options can be used to increase the profitability of the firm in order to sustain CE. LACK OF CAPITAL Lack of capital is one of the main barrier of entrepreneurship among members of the society. According to a study carried out by F Maps four out of ten business man died lack of capital as a barrier to entrepreneurship. Sometimes there is need for capital to fund CE, especially when referring to corporate venturing. COPY has about $ 6. 4 million dollars in debts. Hence it cannot sustain any form of CE at the moment. And operating expenses. Other financial resources may be needed in order to buy buses so as to revivalist the business. CONCLUSION The writer understands that there are so many barriers to CE. Some other barriers which affect other organizations include unwillingness to take risks, centralization of decision making and lack of entrepreneurial skills. Reference Cornwall, JAR B Perlmans 1990 Organizational Entrepreneurship, Irwin, Homeroom, Ill. Jennings, UDF 1994 Multiple Perspectives of Entrepreneurship, South Western Publishing, Ohio. Angle, HAL AH Van De Even 1989 Suggestions for Managing the Innovation Journey Nina Van De Even et. Al. Des. Research on the Management of Innovation, Harper Rowe, New York. Legged, JAM K Handle 1997 Entrepreneurship: How Innovators Create the Future, Education Australia, Melbourne. Want, J, C Overachieving P Weller 1992 Publications Management in Australia, Macmillan, Melbourne.

Bmx Cycle Solutions Essays

Bmx Cycle Solutions Essays Bmx Cycle Solutions Paper Bmx Cycle Solutions Paper Question # I What business is LOCI in? What are the key success factors? How operations can contribute? LOCI BUSINESS: LOCI was founded in 1934 by Mr.. Sheikh Abdullah, a Former Chairman of Pakistan Cycle Cooperative Society Limited. LOCI is located at Ferrous Road, eighteen miles south of Lahore Pakistan. LOCI marketed its bicycles under the brand name Of Leader bicycles. LOCI was in bad shape and financially bankrupt , all shops run by one supervisors , its production was practically zero when Managing director at Deacon Mr.. Razor Atwood acquired LOCI in June 1999. He red new 6 engineers since 1999 in following departments like production planning, production scheduling, inventory control and quality control to set up all the necessary systems and procedures in order to turn LOCI around. In May 2002 Five bicycles -manufacturing companies (competitors) existed in market, combined capacity of these companies producing bicycles were 580,bicycles per annum, and all were running at or near capacity, the competition was very tough, up to May 2002, LOCI was producing 60,000 bicycles/annum, in May 2002, LOCI started producing manufacturing its new product named BMW cycles, for determent in this new product, after a year-long negotiation with Hercules of England, Decision acquired from them the manufacturing and technology right, in Pakistan, for the very popular BMW cycle, Hercules also agreed to send engineers to Lahore tort ten-week periods in order to help in set up the plant, tooling and train the staff KEY SUCCESS FACTORS: ;k Senior Management of LOCI wanted to introduce the BMW Cycle in market before competitors, and Mr.. Monsoon Warwick, Senior Planning Engineer, had a lot of pressure by the top management of LOCI to complete this huge production Of BMW Cycles. That m assive production was carefully planned and all the processes where closely monitored and upgraded. * Mr.. Razor Atwood, Managing Director, of Deacon, took over the LOCI in very bad shape , and he set up all necessary systems and procedures like production planning, production scheduling, inventory control and quality control in order to turn LOCI around , it is also a factor of the success of LOCI * Another key success factor was that Deacon called Hercules of England engineers to train Lolls staff. Lolls staff can also go to England for the same training for a specific period. OPERATIONS CONTRA LOCI is a Production Company so operations plays very important role. Outsourcing and subcontracting of different raw materials is done for the better result of operations. All the plants structure was designed in a way so that they can minimize the wastage and can maximize the production, Manpower was also assigned according to their expertise and labor was hired on daily wage system. Question # 2 What is your Analysis Of the BMW production process? HOW would you characterize this process? ANALYSIS OF BMW PRODUCTION PROCESS: BMW production process is almost in sequence, all processes depends on each there, if one process is skipped then they cannot complete other part of cycle, in Other wards they cannot ignore only a single process, As LOCI wanted to introduce BMW in market before competitors and management wanted to produce huge quantity of BMW cycles so LOCI purchased different finished parts for BMW cycles from several suppliers, like, seats , pedals, handle bars, frame pads, and tires were directly purchased and installed , but other side several parts, like sheet metal, metal coils, steel bars and pipes were manufactured from raw materials acquired locally and abroad. Management hired permanent and daily paid labor in all shops to complete tasks efficiently and in timely, this planning was proved very helpful to complete huge production. First process is cutting shop: This shop having 3 machines for cutting metal pipes into different lengths to use prepare bottom bracket shell, frames and handle bar, this shop run under one supervisor and 4 full time employees Second process is Bottom bracket shell shop: This Shop contained three 600 tons processes and 6 presses ranging from 60 to 00 tons, heavy parts of bicycle like B shell were manufactured in this shop this shop run under supervision of one supervisor and 4 full time employees. Handle Shop: BMW bicycle handles were manufactured at this shop completely, a specific machine automatically bent the placed pipe in a few seconds into appropriate configuration and cut the handle bars to length and knurled. These Knurled to help retain the handle bar grip. BMW enameling and Phosphates Shop: All parts of bicycle were enameling and paginating, phasing treatment enabled the steel surface to retain the enameled paint for a long time and roved a durable finish, all parties were placed on gigs and hang on a conveyer, this conveyer passed through a drying oven at a speed allowing each part to be baked at CISCO for approximately 50 minutes. Rim Shop: Bicycle Rims contained at this shop, One mm thick and 83 mm wide metal coils required to prepare rim and these rims imported trot Brazil or Japan, then front end coil was welded with back end coils and finally, the rims was bent into a required radius and cut after buffing and polishing. Press Shop: A specific machine at press shop for grinding and buffing the parts of rims and woo ends of strips had been welded together Saddle, Brake and Hub Shop: Hubs and saddle for BMW cycle were assembled at this shop, loop clips of were manufactured at LOCI , other parts like saddle frames and saddle covers were procured by vender and assembled manually at other end of same shop. Machine Shop: Pour production lathes like a grinding machine, a milling machine and four drilling machines are contained at this shop, some parts of BMW cycle check-nut, lock-nut and wheel valve produced in machine shop, this machine visas operating 50% of its capacity Electroplating Shop: Some parts Of BMW like Hub flanges, steel rims , lamp brackets, spanners and chain wheels electroplate at this shop, this machine have limited equipment capacity so double shift running six days per week for electroplating. BMW Welding line: This shop have S welding stations and a metering machine , different parts Of cycle welded and metering machine give a smooth curve at the ends of tubes (pipes) once this machine was set then all tubes automatically mitered the tube. Final Assembly Area: This area have 6 work stations, fitting machine and an assembly track conveyor, al manufactured parts of BMW cycle assemble on these 6 stations, finally all the assemblies and accessory packets were packed in a cardboard carton for delivery. Characteristics, All shops worked very efficiently and all work stations busy to prepare assigned parts on same time so its very helpful to produce huge production, management took decisions for daily paid and monthly paid employees, and paid them attractive salary. Question #3 Given the investment in BMW cycle manufacturing line, what is the payback period? Each bicycle price 2400 Gross margin Profit margin for each bicycle Production Capacity 60, coo Profit margin for 60,000 bicycles are = 199. 2 x 60000 = 11952000 Payback on 2 Years 2 Months gross margin Question # 4 Assume the enameling plant capacity is 3000 bicycles per month, as senior planning Engineer, What alternatives are available to increase BMW cycle production? As per upper managements drive to expand operations, a ten year old enameling unit that was purchased for RSI 3 Million in 1999. In order to increase production LOCI in addition to subcontracted enameling should start in house production in parallel by utilizing the unit purchased. It may have to invest on up-gradation of the unit as required to meet the current production standards. Company purchased enameling machine but they did not use it, because outsourcing and subcontracting was present in Lolls tradition so upper management should change it and its better to utilize enameling machine, bring it in use, so BMW production will definitely be increased, Question # S What is your recommendation and why? Following are the Recommendations and the reasons ;k LOCI should do some forecasting for identifying the real need of their product in the market, They should give advertisement though email, news paper and web TV add etc, *They should do SOOT analysis of their own company and their competitors. * They should improve their weaknesses, and they should produce bicycle for elders They should hire some vender for parts of BMW so it is suggested that they should arrange of those machines at their company, its also saving the cost and time. ;k For sustaining the market position more innovation is required, the designs Of bicycles should be upgraded and changed to attract the customers towards the product.

Everything You Need to Know for Your Upcoming Summer Vacation

Everything You Need to Know for Your Upcoming Summer Vacation It’s the time of year you’ve been waiting for: summer vacation! Time for you to kick back on the beach with a cold beverage and forgot about all of your responsibilities. Unfortunately, preparing for your upcoming summer vacation can be just as stressful as your normal responsibilities. Taking a vacation reduces stress and improves your overall productivity. So the last thing you need is to be stressed out and offset the positive benefits of your vacation.Fortunately, there are many approaches you can take when planning your summer vacation. You can book a cruise or tour. That way, someone else will plan everything for you. If that’s not your cup of tea, you can find a packaged deal, where expenses are lumped together. Either way, there are a lot of options for you to consider.With that said, here’s everything you need to know in order to be better prepared and lessen the stress of getting ready for summer vacation.Source: [BusinessInsider]

(It doesn't matter) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(It doesn't matter) - Assignment Example The theme of the current year’ Economic Report of the President  can be described by the headline of the first chapter of the report; â€Å"To Recover, Rebalance, and Rebuild†. The Nation has made significant efforts for the recovery from the Great Recession that took shape towards the end of 2007 and prevailed until the middle of 2009. The economy has grown for 10 straight quarters, as a result of which the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country in real terms has exceeded its peal level that was achieved before the 2007-09 recession had started. The real GDP has increased 6.2 percent since 2009 (Economic Report of The President 2012, p. 42). However, the extended effects of the severity of the crisis have slowed down the pace of recovery. Job growth has been sluggish; from February 2010 till January 2012 a net total of 3.7 million jobs were added by the private sector employers (Economic Report of The President 2012, p. 27). This can be contrasted with the perio d of recovery from the 1991 recession (between November 1991 till October 1993) 3 million jobs had been added (Economic Report of The President 2012, p.27). In the mid 2009, President Obama and his Administrative body took steps to rebalance the sources economic growth. The inclination of business investment has shifted real estate to sectors like software industry, expansion of which leads to expansion of capacity and productivity. A vital down payment for the future is made by investments in education, infrastructure, clean energy and research and development. The President has emphasized upon the identification of common grounds, such that government policies can act along with the private players without impeding economic growth. The gains of economic growth are intended to provide opportunity to the middle class and the ones struggling to get into the middle class. Credit conditions have improved over the years and real consumer spending has averaged to 1.9 percent in the last two quarters of 2011 compared to 1.4 percent in the first half (Economic Report of The President 2012, p. 46). Nominal tax receipt by the State and the local governments has increased by approximately 4 percent (Economic Report of The President 2012, p. 59). While sales and property taxes rose, corporate taxes were down. Real exports rose by 5.2 percent during 2011 while real imports grew 3.8 percent (Economic Report of The President 2012, p. 60). The efficiency of the safety net programs has been emphasized upon in the report. Policy developments on the key components of the safety net are mentioned. 9.6 percent households received Unemployment Insurance in 2010 (Economic Report of The President 2012, p. 202). State would experiment with a program named ‘Bridge to Work’ in which people facing frictional unemployment while changing jobs would be taken by private employers and compensated for up to 38 hours of work per week for a period of eight weeks. The President†™s Budget includes the goal of securing a job to every American who wants a job. It has been recognized that smart regulation like the benefit-cost analysis, public investment, and promotion of clean domestic energy would lay the groundwork for technological advancement and raising productivity. Comments The US economy was stuck deep in financial crisis when President Barrack took oath of office on January 20, 2009. The economy contracted at an alarming rate of 8.9

Approach to Smart Transportation & Study of Intelligent Transport Dissertation

Approach to Smart Transportation & Study of Intelligent Transport System in Ireland - Dissertation Example This study looks into Intelligent Transport System, also referred to as ITS, as the inclusion of modern computers and new technologies in transportation. It deploys computer applications, electronic chips, sensors, controllers in transportation to facilitate more efficient, secure and efficient supervision of public roads and public conveyance systems. It is a smart approach to manage road networks. The benefits include improved road safety, mobility, information, productivity and air quality. â€Å"It is also known as telematics, Information Communications Technology (ICT) in transport, e-transport and Information Society Technology†. The advantage includes: †¢ Improved road safety †¢ Mobility †¢ Information †¢ Productivity and air quality The use of ITS are categorized in three parts: 1. Use by the Traveler – electronic tickets , payment for parking vehicle or payment for road usage, †smart card driver license†, †driver card for digital tachnograph†. 2. Use by Vehicles – some vehicle consist of collision avoiding system, system for managing speed, judging the location of the vehicle, judgment of assets. 3. Use by Road – monitoring of traffic, providing information, regulation of rules with the help of â€Å"Variable Message Signs (VMS)†,†inductive loops†, †microwave detectors†, â€Å"ANPR†,†DSRC† etc. ITS collects the data from all the sensors and stores it to a centralized database system. The sensors may be Vehicle Detectors, CCTV cameras, Ice monitoring system, Congestion Monitors or other sensors. Every information from the sensors in given to the â€Å"Back Office Data Processing Facility† ... Transaction of Payments: Payments at Toll booths, parking payments, ticket fare of public transportation, charge for any congestion. Management of Traffic: Proper handling of traffic. As stated, ITS uses various applications; the possible wide range of applications are: Intermodal Transportation System Intelligent Traffic Control System In -Vehicle Technologies Safety Enhancement Technologies Traveler Advisory System 1) Intermodal Transportation System: It uses more than one mode of transport. Through this system, a traveler can change his mode of transfer easily. It is integrates different modes of transport such as trucks, trains and ships to ensure smooth trade operations. It is the movement of goods (in same unit where it was first placed) from one mode to other mode of transport without handling it. 2) Intelligent Traffic Control System: Most of the current systems have pre-determined timing circuits to operate traffic signals. Such systems are inefficient, if the volume of the vehicle is large at the crossing. This system would adjust itself with the flow of traffic, thus reducing the waiting time of drivers at traffic signals. 3) In- Vehicle Technologies: It is the implementation of electronic devices, controllers, and radio transreceivers in the vehicle. The information provided is updated every minute. It gives instantaneous information to the traveler about the best route. 4) Safety Enhancement Technologies: Safety Enhancement Technologies like smart cruise enables the driver to know the location of neighboring vehicles. This avoids any type of accidents on the road. 5) Traveler Advisory System: To provide the information through variable messages and advisory radio. Intelligent Transport System in Ireland: Ireland requires an intelligent

Is there an 'ideal' approach to restaurant design and what Essay

Is there an 'ideal' approach to restaurant design and what elements create an emotional attachment to the consumer - Essay Example motional, intellectual or spiritual manner, meaning that people have varying experiences, since experience is a personal internal reaction to the events in the surrounding. Among the modern businesses that have adopted the interior design and customer emotional connection approach are restaurants, which consider this more of business strategy as ideal in improving the customer experience and loyalty. This paper seeks to analyze the interior design in restaurants and to discover how they create an emotional attachment with customers. It investigates the key design factors such as lighting, materials, forms and objects in order to have a deeper understanding as to why people have an emotional attachment to restaurants. It presents an analysis of different theories as proposed by different authors, and compares each of such theories with the other. The analysis details are then used in the determination of the ideal approach to design in restaurants and what elements create an emotional attachment to the consumer. Customers visit restaurants in order to enjoy the food, as well as to have the experiences in business negotiations, communication, together with other ranges of social activities. Therefore, the restaurants offer integrated functions expected of a living room, dining room, courtyard, meeting room, or the playground, and this enhances place attachment for the customers. Place attachment is viewed as â€Å"a positive emotional attachment to a place indicated by individuals through excitement, belonging, satisfaction and dependency they have towards it† ( Maharani, p. 183). In this case, the customer must have a satisfactory experience of all the senses, including the smell, hearing, sight, as well as haptic. In the interior design practices, sight is seen to have a dominant role in the desired customer experience. Therefore, designs give much attention to material, color, illumination, and formation. On the other hand, other senses that include hearing,

Course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Course work - Essay Example With the introduction of the computer technology to the human society during the 19th Century, the works or the tasks of people have been further created with ease. With the implementation of computer systems within the existing systems of completion for human tasks, the jobs of people, which can be merged with technological arrangements, were enhanced to becoming easily completed. Today, 95% of the whole population of man all around the world utilizes the computer systems for their everyday application. Even ordinary appliances are now compiled with complex operating systems based upon computer arrangements to be able to meet the best possible performance that they could render the human society. (Tanenbaum, 2006, 15) The introduction of the Internet systems to the world has been noted as one of the most successful breakthroughs that has been attempted, pursued and now fulfilled by the merging of science and technology in increasing the capability of human communication in connecting people together from a worldwide perspective. Years before the said introduction, people simply depended on snail mails and telephone calls to be able to communicate with their loved ones abroad. It could also be remembered that people who had lesser financial resource also have lesser chances of actually meeting foreign friends. Now, all those situations have already changed. The connection of people to people actually managed to step forward to the next level. Most likely enough, the situation of connecting humans from the different parts of the world has already been revolutionized through the development and continuous advancement of the Internet Systems. Certainly, the entire human systems now mostly depend on the said global connection. Economic and political arrangements are now much more effectively done through the adaptation of the said systems with the arrangements of the Internet instituted within the said human engagements. Overall, seeing the said

Labor Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Labor Relations - Assignment Example Such warning will only be valid for 6months and after completion of 6 months; no disciplinary actions can be taken against W based on such warning. Opinion: there is no witness available for W using inappropriate languages or pushing chair towards L. No corroboration is available that confirming the fact that W had pushed the chair towards legs of L. Due to lack of evidences, no strict action can be taken against W. Answer B: According to Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) Article 15 (Discipline/Discharge Procedures), disciplinary actions can be taken against employees only in two conditions such as incompetence or misconduct (University of South Florida, 2013). Disciplinary actions can be taken against particular employee if his/her behavior hurts legitimate interests of employer. Behavior of W has negatively affected legitimate interests of Alternative Calendar Committee (ACC). According to Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) Article 15 (Discipline/Discharge Procedures), as labor union representative, employee has the right to ask for investigatory questioning for any kind disciplinary actions (University of South Florida, 2013). Upon such investigatory questioning, no witness has been found that confirming the fact that W had used inappropriate languages or pushed chair towards L. Based on above justification, W can be convicted on the ground of minor misconduct. Due to lack of evidence s, harsh disciplinary actions cannot be taken against W. Phrases like â€Å"legitimate interests†, â€Å"incompetence†, â€Å"misconduct† and â€Å"investigatory questioning† has helped me as arbitrator to understand context of the case and justify the award being mentioned in the earlier question. For example, â€Å"legitimate interests† phrase helped this arbitrator to justify the ground on which disciplinary actions can be taken against W. Therefore, it can be said that (CBA) Article 15 (Discipline/Discharge Procedures)

Course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Course work - Essay Example With the introduction of the computer technology to the human society during the 19th Century, the works or the tasks of people have been further created with ease. With the implementation of computer systems within the existing systems of completion for human tasks, the jobs of people, which can be merged with technological arrangements, were enhanced to becoming easily completed. Today, 95% of the whole population of man all around the world utilizes the computer systems for their everyday application. Even ordinary appliances are now compiled with complex operating systems based upon computer arrangements to be able to meet the best possible performance that they could render the human society. (Tanenbaum, 2006, 15) The introduction of the Internet systems to the world has been noted as one of the most successful breakthroughs that has been attempted, pursued and now fulfilled by the merging of science and technology in increasing the capability of human communication in connecting people together from a worldwide perspective. Years before the said introduction, people simply depended on snail mails and telephone calls to be able to communicate with their loved ones abroad. It could also be remembered that people who had lesser financial resource also have lesser chances of actually meeting foreign friends. Now, all those situations have already changed. The connection of people to people actually managed to step forward to the next level. Most likely enough, the situation of connecting humans from the different parts of the world has already been revolutionized through the development and continuous advancement of the Internet Systems. Certainly, the entire human systems now mostly depend on the said global connection. Economic and political arrangements are now much more effectively done through the adaptation of the said systems with the arrangements of the Internet instituted within the said human engagements. Overall, seeing the said

European Court of Justice Turner v Grovit and Harada Essay

European Court of Justice Turner v Grovit and Harada - Essay Example Anti-suit injunction is defined as â€Å"an order of the court requiring the injunction defendant not to commence or to cease to pursue, or not to advance particular claims within, or to take steps to terminate or suspend court or arbitration proceedings in a foreign country†1. The definition of anti-suit injunction claims that under this legal framework, none of the defendants or plaintiffs can take the assistance to obtain undue advantages of a foreign legislation apart from the country wherein the dispute took place. It is usually observed in case of cross-border disputes that the litigants perceive that they can take the advantage by shifting the proceedings in their home country, with the expectation to obtain a favourable judgement to the case ruling2. In order to disregard this belief of the litigants, anti-suit injunction has been introduced3.Arguably, anti-suit injunctions are often regarded as interference to the disputes in foreign courts. Addressing this particular issue, the discussion henceforth will evaluate whether the considerable of anti-suit injunction as an act of interference by a foreign court is justifiable. Illustrative examples will also be sought from various cases, including the landmark case of Turner v Grovit (C-159/02) [2005] 1 AC 101 in order to strengthen the rationalization of the arguments in this essay. The case of Turner v Grovit, decided in April 2004, is considered one of the landmark cases in the European Court of Justice (ECJ), which apparent denotes the legislative implications of anti-suit injunctions to the principle of lis alibi pendens. This case became the basis for the explanation of anti-suit injunction as Turner, the plaintiff, was granted with anti-suit injunction, as a measure to restrict the application of the rule given in correspondence to the re-appeal of the defendant (i.e. Harald Ltd.) in the Spanish court4.  

Brave New World Critical Lens Essay Example for Free

Brave New World Critical Lens Essay â€Å"I have freedom,† you say? Do you really? Perhaps, in some ways, you do. But in the end, you’re just another puppet being controlled by invisible strings whether you know it or not. â€Å"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains,† Jean-Jacques Rousseau once said. In society, man is â€Å"chained† and controlled by the government, by pressure of conforming to the social norms, by wealth and social class, and by one’s desires and emotions. Prior to birth, man is not restricted by such factors but that is merely a fleeting moment as he is slowly exposed to more and more of the world. I agree that â€Å"everywhere [man] is in chains,† but on the contrary, I believe man is already chained from the start—that man is never free. In the novel, Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, babies are â€Å"decanted† and conditioned to play out their predestined roles in the World State. As early as the embryonic stage, babies-to-be already have their fates determined for them. In addition to conditioning, a drug called soma that induces a false sense of happiness dominates these people’s lives. As long as there is society, there will be shackles. Subjects of the World State were pre-separated into specific caste levels through processes such as the Bokanovsky Process, hypnopaedia, and Pavlovian conditioning. As mere embryos, they were already being trained for their predestined fates. By the time they reached the end of the â€Å"assembly line,† freedom did not exist anymore. They were enslaved to society. They were conditioned to strictly love and enjoy the aspects of their own castes and dislike the aspects of other castes. â€Å"We also predestine and condition. We decant our babies as socialized human beings, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future sewage workers†¦ (13)† stated the Director of Hatcheries matter-of-factly. How can man be born—or in this case, decanted ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€free if he can’t even make his own major life decisions or think for himself? Aside from conditioning, World State citizens so easily obeyed the government because they lived in such a â€Å"perfect† world that there just wasn’t anything to complain about. Generally, they didn’t have any problems in regards to sickness, death, desires, old age, passion, relationships and other issues that were often associated with an â€Å"unstable† society. â€Å"People are happy; they get what they want, and they never want what they can’t get.  (220)† If anything â€Å"bad† happened, all they had to do was take a tablet. â€Å"And do remember that a gramme is better than a damn. (55)† The World State government kept their people in â€Å"bottles.† â€Å"’Each one of us, of course†¦goes through life inside a bottle,’ stated Mustapha Mond. (222-223)† The government expected everyone to act according to the standard of infantile behavior—of simple satisfaction, ignorance, and lack of self-restraint and they condemned anyone who acted otherwise. Citizens of the society were encouraged to take soma when distressed and attend social events and activities and so on. It was through such ways that the people were kept distracted and obliviously controlled. These â€Å"socialized human beings† were so ignorant of the shackles around their limbs that they didn’t even try or think to take them off. When a man is born with chains—metaphorically speaking, of course—he is unaware of them. And if he is unaware of them, then there is no way for him to escape them. Such is the case with the people of the World State. They are conditioned to accept and even enjoy whatever path that is laid out in front of them. In this illusion of a perfect world, everyone is happy and without a care as the government does all the thinking for them. Ultimately, people of the World State are permanently trapped in a stage of â€Å"infancy†Ã¢â‚¬â€even upon their deathbeds.

Caring for a Child or Young Person with Severe Illness

Caring for a Child or Young Person with Severe Illness Introduction This assignment will reflect on and critically study an incident from a clinical setting whilst using a model of reflection. This will allow me to analyse and make sense of the incident and draw conclusions relating to personal learning outcomes. The incident will be described and analysed, followed by the process of reflection using Driscolls Reflective Model (2000) as it facilitates critical thinking and in-depth reflection which will help me to accumulate learning objectives for the future. To comply with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2015) Code of Conduct, confidentiality will be maintained therefore the individual will be known throughout as Ben. Reflection is defined as a process of explaining and expressing from our own experiences and helps to develop and improve our skills and knowledge towards becoming professional practitioners (Jasper, 2003). I have chosen to use the Driscolls Reflective Model (2000) as a guidance as it is straightforward and encourages a clear description of the situation which will allow me to look at the experience and identify how it made me feel, asking what was good and bad, and what I can learn (Sellman and Snelling 2010). Wolverson (2000) includes this as an important process for all nurses wishing to improve their practice. What? Ben was born prematurely following an emergency caesarean section, whereby he received prolonged resuscitation and suffered severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). According to Boxwell (2010), infants with severe encephalopathy have a 75% risk of dying with coma persisting, or progressing to brain death by 72 hours of life. There was a realisation that continuing treatment may be causing Ben harm in that it was unlikely to restore his health or relieve suffering. Boxwell (2010) further states that survivors of HIE carry an almost certain risk of poor neurological outcome. It is these times when consideration must be given to withholding and/or withdrawing treatment, subsequently re-orientating treatment to compassionate care. I was informed by my mentor that there would be a multi-disciplinary team (MDT) meeting to discuss and justify the decision to withdraw treatment. I was invited into the MDT meeting by my mentor to both witness and actively participate in the discussion if I felt confident enough. The MDT consisted of two paediatricians, a paediatric registrar, the neonatal sister, and myself, a paediatric student nurse.   The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) (2004)   suggest that all members of the health care team need to feel part of the decision-making process in that their views should be listened to. At the time, I was hesitant to contribute due to my knowledge, understanding and experience surrounding the clinical and ethical matter. However, I was reassured that greater openness between disciplines will facilitate better understanding of individual roles and enhance the sense of responsibility (RCPCH, 2004). We considered what was legally permitted and required, but also at what was ethically appropriate. In considering quality of life (QOL)   determinations, it was important to refer back to the ethical foundation involved with surrogate decision making, which is the standard of best interest. Some professionals argued that Ben had no prior QOL on which to base a judgment. The Children Act (1989) provides an overall statutory framework for the provision of childrens welfare and services but makes no specific provision concerning withholding or withdrawing treatment (RCPCH, 2004). It does however state that the welfare of the child is paramount which is further supported by The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). Article 3 under this legislation states that actions affecting children must have their best interests as a primary consideration (RCPCH, 2004). The NMC (2015) framework governs the maintenance of standards of practice and professional conduct in the interests of patients, acting as a guide to ethical practice within nursing. The principle of non-maleficence is one of the hallmark principles of ethics in health care which prohibits healthcare professionals from doing any action that will result harm to the patient. Also paramount, is the goal to restore health and relieve suffering, promoting good or beneficence. In the principle of beneficence, nurses are obliged to protect, prevent harm and maintain the best interest for patients (Beauchamp Childress, 2001). Those involved needed to be conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ dent in their ability to understand the ethical dilemmas they faced, and had to ensure they were aware of the underlying ethical principles to support their contribution to the discussion. The decision to withdraw life sustaining treatment should be made with the parents on the basis of knowledge and trust, but ultimately, the clinical team carries the responsibility for decision making, as an expression of their moral and legal duties as health care professionals. It is not uncommon for parents to feel indecisiveness, shame or guilt about the decision to palliate their neonate, particularly when the outcome of the neonates condition is uncertain (Reid et al, 2011). However, the final decision to withdraw intensive care was made with the consent from both parents, and this was clearly recorded in his clinical notes, together with a written account of the process and factors leading to the decision. So What? Parents impending the loss of their infant experience a complex emotional reaction to their situation, typically one of anticipatory grief, shock and confusion (Gardner and Dickey, 2011). They may also experience feelings of profound loss, related not only to the imminent loss of their child but also to a loss of their expectations, aspirations and role as parents (Gardner and Dickey, 2011). Parents are fundamental in the decision-making processes around neonatal palliation and as it is they who will be the most significantly affected by these decisions (Branchett and Stretton, 2012), neonatal EOL care places a particular focus on caring for parents. Developing a flexible, transparent and family-centred care plan is essential, and so that their preferences are met, parents should take a key role in this process (Williamson et al, 2008). Spence (2011) recommends that a holistic approach is taken to clarify the familys wishes, desires and needs in order to effectively advocate for infa nts. Whilst most parents wish to be involved in decisions and planning around EOL care for their baby, some may find this responsibility overwhelming (Williams et al, 2008). Despite this, we exposed the parents to a range of options which they synthesised in order to make the best decisions for their family. However, it was important for the neonatal nurse and I to realise that highly emotive situations can often cause significant deficits in parents ability to comprehend and process such information (Williams et al, 2008). As competent nurses, it is our responsibility to provide nursing care that advocates for our patients rights in life and death, showing respect and dignity towards them and the family. We advocated for Ben by protecting his rights, being attentive to his needs, ensuring comfort and protection, and by participating in the ethical discussion to ensure a collaborative perspective of ethical negotiation (Spence, 2011). The National Association of Neonatal Nurses (2015) suggests that palliative care should include comfort measures, such as kangaroo care, an ongoing assessment of pain using an appropriate pain assessment tool and written care plans to manage discomfort, pain and other distressing symptoms such as seizures using the least invasive effective route of administration. As the parents wished to be present at time of death, the neonatal nurse prepared the family for what they would observe as life-sustaining treatment was discontinued. This included informing them of gasping and other noises, colour changes, and stating that Ben may continue to breathe and have a heart rate for minutes or hours. This is an fundamental aspect of palliative care, and provides the family with the opportunity to ask questions. However, a study conducted by Ahern (2013) stated that nurses often express anxieties surrounding how to support parental grief and how to prepare them for the imminent death of their inf ant. Parental preferences were also assessed, including whom they wish present, whether they want to hold the infant, and whether they wished to participate in any rituals or memory-making activities. Although my mentor took the lead role in planning the infants EOL care, my contribution focused on memory-making activities. Although this is often nurse initiated, making memories is increasingly recognised as an aid in parental coping and grieving (Schott, Henley and Kohner, 2007). However, McGuinness, Coughlan and Power (2014) reported that rather than physical keepsakes, parents and families instead appreciated other actions and gestures that demonstrated respect for their needs, including having time alone with the infant and being encouraged and supported to provide care to their baby. I asked the parents if they would like photos to be taken, and although parents declined photography, I offered to take some to keep in the medical records in case they decided they would like them at a later date which they appreciated (Mancini et al, 2014).   Despite this, the parents were acceptant of the offer to keep items that were related to Bens care, including his wristband, blank ets and hat. Throughout planning Bens EOL care, the effectiveness of the therapeutic relationship in meeting the familys needs was achieved by showing empathy, and by doing so I obtained the individuals trust, and respect. Carl Rogers (1961) has influenced the shift from a task- to a person-centred and holistic view of nursing care, with the adoption of Rogers core conditions (Bach and Grant, 2005). Rogers identified unconditional positive regard, genuineness and empathy as necessary conditions for helping someone change effectively through a good therapeutic relationship. This was   achieved through both proficient nursing knowledge and utilising interpersonal communication skills. According to Jones (2007), there is little research in nursing literature that discusses interpersonal skills, particularly in nursing education. There is also a critique that nursing education is often removed from the realities that students experience during their clinical practice (Bach and Grant, 2005). I felt confident and assured that my interpersonal skills would bring positivity throughout a very difficult time, helping them through the grieving process. I acknowledged that both parents appreciated my forward-thinking and empathy towards the current situation. Being empathetic during this situation required my ability to be understanding not only of the parents beliefs, values and ideas but also the significance that their situation had for them and their associated feelings (Greenberg, 2007). Egan (2010) identià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ es certain non-verbal skills summarised in the acronym SOLER that can help the nurse to create the therapeutic space. I did this by sitting facing the family squarely, at a slight angle; adopting an open posture; leaning slightly forward; maintaining good eye contact, without staring and presenting a relaxed open posture. To enhance the communication through these skills, I used active-listening skills to ensure a successful interaction through techniques that facilitated the discussion. I did this by using sounds of encouragement, demonstrating that I was listening and assimilating the information provided by the parents. This was also done by summarising, paraphrasing and reflecting on the feelings and statements. Effective use of reà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ective skills can facilitate exploration, build trust, and communicate acceptance and understanding to the individual (Balzer-Riley, 2004). Geldard and Geldard (2005) state that it is often the paralinguistic elements of speech rather than what is actually said that betray true feelings and emotions. Now What? As EOL approached, Ben was extubated on the neonatal unit and transferred to the bereavement suite whereby my mentor continued to provide one-to-one care.   I was not present throughout the final palliative care phase as I wanted to respect the familys privacy. At this point, I held emotions of helplessness, sadness and anxiety, therefore I took some time to reflect on what had happened. It is important that nurses recognise and confront their own feelings toward death so that they can assist patients and families in EOL issues (Dickinson, 2007). Nurses often experience sadness and grief when dealing with the deaths of patients, and without any support, can suffer distress (Hanna and Romana, 2007). Debriefing is a beneficial intervention designed to help nurses to explore and process their experiences. Irving and Long (2001) suggest that debriefing demonstrates a significant reduction in stress and greater use of coping strategies through discussion in a reminiscent fashion to let their feelings out. Through reflection, I have come to the realisation and understanding that patient death is an integral part of nursing practice in palliative care settings. I have recognised that support from all members of the MDT have positive implications for nursing students coping with stressors associated with patient death. Furthermore, the experience helped me learn the importance of both verbal and non-verbal communication. As an aspiring nurse, I have to continuously improve my communication skills because I shall be interacting with more varied patients in the future. I have also been able to utilise my knowledge of ethical principles in relation to withdrawing treatment, thereby integrating theory into practice. Conclusion To conclude, the care that patients receive has the direct potential to improve through reflective practice. Becoming a reflective practitioner will help me to focus upon knowledge, skill and behaviours that I will need to develop for effective clinical practice. Reflection helps to make sense of complicated and difficult situations, a medium to learn from experiences and therefore improve performance and patient care. Reference List Ahern, K. (2013) What neonatal intensive care nurses need to know about neonatal palliative care. Advanced Journal of Neonatal Care. 13(2), pp. 108-14 Bach, S. and Grant, A. (2005) Communication and Interpersonal Skills for Nurses. Exeter: Learning Matters Balzer-Riley, J. (2004) Communication in Nursing. Mosby, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. Boxwell, G. (2010) Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing. 2nd Edition. New York: Routledge Branchett, K. and Stretton, J. (2012), Neonatal palliative and end of life care: What parents want from professionals, Journal of Neonatal Nursing. 18(2), pp. 40-44. Dickenson, G. E. (2007). End of life and palliative care issues in medical and nursing schools. Death Studies, 31, pp. 713-726. Driscoll, J. (2000) Practising Clinical Supervision. London: Balliere Tindall Egan, G. (2010) The Skilled Helper: A problem management and opportunity development approah to helping.9th edition. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Geldard, D. and Geldard, K. (2005) Practical Counselling Skills: An Integrative Approach. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Greenberg, L.S. (2002) Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through feelings Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association Hanna, D.R. and Romana, M. (2007). Debriefing after a crisis. Nursing Management. 8, pp. 39-47. Irving, P. and Long, A. (2001). Critical incident stress debriefing following traumatic life experiences. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 8, pp. 307-314. Jasper M (2003). Beginning reflective practice. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Mancini, A., Uthaya, S., Beardsley, C., Wood, D. and Modi, N (2014) Practical guidance for the management of palliative care on neonatal unit. London: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health McGuniess, D., Coughlan, B. and Power, S. (2014) Empty arms: supporting bereaved mothers during the immediate postnatal period. British Journal of Midwifery. 22(4), pp. 146-52. National Association of Neonatal Nurses (2015) Palliative and End-of-life Care for Newborns and Infants. Chicago: National Association of Neonatal Nurses Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2015). The Code: professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses and midwives. London: NMC Reid, S., Bredemeyer, S., van den Berg, C., Cresp, T., Martin, T., Miara, N., Coombs, S., Heaton, M., Pussell, K., and Wooderson, S. (2011) Palliative care in the neonatal nursery. Neonatal, Paediatric Child Health Nursing. 14(2), pp. 2-8 Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2004) Withholding or Withdrawing Life Sustaining Treatment in Children: A Framework for Practice. London: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health Schott, J., Henley, A. and Kohner, N. (2007) Pregnancy loss and the death of a baby: guidelines for professionals. 3rd Edition. London: SANDS Sellman, D. and Snelling, P.C. (2010) Becoming a nurse: A textbook for professional practice. Harlow: Pearson Education Spence, K. (2011) Ethical advocacy based on caring: A model for neonatal and paediatric nurses. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 47, pp. 642-645 Williams, C., Munson, D., Zupancic, J. and Kirpalani, H. (2008) Supporting bereaved parents: Practical steps in providing compassionate perinatal and neonatal end-of-life care. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 13(5), pp. 335-340. Wolverson, M. (2000). On reflection. Professional Practice. 3(2), pp. 31-34

Options Trading Essay example -- essays research papers

Options and the Investor Most people know that an option is a choice. It is a choice to buy that new compact disc, a choice to upgrade to leather on a new car, or a choice to speculate in the market. Options are a way to reduce risk associated with trading stocks and are quite advantageous in a capitalist society. An option is a â€Å"contract between two parties to purchase or sell a commodity futures contract at a predetermined price within a specific time period. Every option transaction has an option buyer and an option seller (4, p. 236).† The advent of organized options trading by the Chicago Board Options Exchange created a new way to play the market. Options can be used to hedge risk and to take profits larger than would be possible by buying and selling stock. This result can be accomplished using a variety of combinations to be discussed later in this paper. These strategies can be useful as pertaining to the options trader who wants to make the most profit with the least amount of risk. Ele mentary pricing of options will help the reader in understanding some of the differences in premiums and why the differences are so large. The Chicago Board Options Exchange has changed the way that options are traded through advances in technology to the point that options are bought and sold instantaneously with almost a 100% guarantee of credibility. This is one of the main reasons for the options explosion. Options   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Basic options have existed for eons and have been used as investment strategies for thousands of years. The concept was definitely used by societies other than ours, as illustrated by this excerpt from Aristotle’s Politics (2, p. 16): There is an anecdote of Thales the Milesian and his financial device, which involves a principle of universal application, but is attributed to him on account of his reputation for wisdom. He was reproached for his poverty, which was supposed to show that philosophy was of no use. According to the story, he knew by his skill in the stars while it was yet winter that there would be a great harvest of olives in the coming year; so, having a little money, he gave deposits for the use of all the olive presses in Chios and Miletus, which he hired at a low price because no one bid against him. When the harvest time came, and many wanted them all at once and of a sudden, he let them out at any r... ...the secrets of trading options. It is shown in the pages preceding that using options to hedge investment risk, or using options alone can almost eliminate the chance to lose big when investing. The advent of organized options trading by the Chicago Board Options Exchange created a new way to play the market. Options can be used to hedge risk, and to take profits larger than would be possible by buying and selling stock. Accomplished strategists have done very well in the options market, because with an increased repertoire of investing strategies, the investor who balances risk with reward will have the most success trading options. References: 1. Kolb, Robert, Options; An Introduction, (Miami, FL: Kolb Publishing Co., 1991). 2. Gastineau, Gary, The Options Manual, 3rd Edition (New York, New York: McGraw-Hill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Book Co., 1988). 3. Trester, Kenneth, The Compleat Option Player, 4th Edition (New York, NY: Inves Trek   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Publishing, 1984). 4. Caplan, David L. The New Options Advantage (Chicago, IL: Probus Publishing, 1995). 5. http://www.cboe.com/education/ Options and the Investor David Walker Economics 185

Explore the significance of the character Mercutio in the play Romeo and Juliet

Although Shakespeare's play ‘Romeo and Juliet' does not focus on Mercutio, he is one of the most unique characters of the play. He manages to manipulate other characters of the play through his imaginative and powerful language. He usually takes the lead in conversations and his friends generally go by what he says. Mercutio is neither Capulet nor Montague but his strong bond with Romeo associates him with the Montagues. In the play, Mercutio tends to stand out compared to the other characters; this is mainly because of his energetic and outrageous personality. His comical character lightens the mood of the tragic love story and helps to increase the sympathy of the audience when he later dies. Mercutio is a catalyst, meaning that he has the ability to change what people think or do. An example of this is in Act 1 Scene 4, where Romeo is sad and doesn't want to go to the Capulet's ball but Mercutio lightens the mood with puns and word play; â€Å"You are a lover; borrow Cupid's wings† An Elizabethan audience would have found this funny because cupid was and still is very well known as being the god of love. Mercutio is comedian, always making jokes at every chance he gets. He lives life on the edge and is always looking for something new and exiting to do. This could also make him an antagonist and troublemaker, especially when the Capulet's are involved. His inevitable death and the death of several others are caused by Mercutio living life on the edge. Read this – Puns in the Importance Mercutio puts on a front which tells the audience that he does not respect women, such as the way he often uses animal features to describe women, â€Å"spiders†¦gallops†¦pig's tail† perhaps suggesting that women are less superior to men. However, when you look closer into his language you can see that his feelings go deeper, for example, in Act 1 Scene 4, Mercutio speaks about women being like Queen Mab; â€Å"Her wagon-spokes made of long spiders' legs, The cover of the wings of grasshoppers† During the queen Mab speech in particular, he uses sibilance, sibilance it the repetition of the ‘S' sound which makes this speech sound soft and I think that it shows his true passion for women. In contrast, when he is talking to Romeo and giving him advice, he says to Romeo; â€Å"Be rough with love; Prick love for pricking, And you beat love down.† This could show that he may have had a past relationship that may not have turned out so well. He may also be telling this to Romeo because he doesn't want the same thing to happen to him. In Act 1 Scene 4, Mercutio's imagination runs wild as he is describing women as Queen Mab. This will begin to show the audience Mercutio's true feelings for women. He uses passionate language such as; â€Å"Tickling a parson's nose as a' lies asleep, Then dreams, he of another benefice† On the other hand, Romeo has a different view to that of Mercutio's towards women. Romeo, who is quite naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve towards love, shows the audience how much he loves everyone and everything. He is always talking about how fabulous love is and that it is the only thing that matters in the world. â€Å"O, speak again, bright angel! For thou art As glorious to this night, being o'er my head† This can show that Romeo may not have been in a real relationship, but only fantasising about it. Mercutio and Romeo have a strong friendship; they are both extremely loyal to each other and tend to help each other out; â€Å"Nay, gentle Romeo, we must have you dance.† They both have a strong influence on each other, which from Mercutio's side tends to be positive but can sometimes turn out negative but this does not happen all the time. In the death scene of Mercutio he blames Romeo for his death even though Romeo was only tried to stop it. In Act 2, Scene 1, after the ball Mercutio and Benvolio are looking for Romeo; they still believe that he is in love with Rosaline. Mercutio then begins to shout out for Romeo, by way of chanting a spell; â€Å"Nay, I'll conjure too. Romeo! Humours! Madman! Passion! Lover! Appear thou in the likeness of a sigh† The shortness of his sentences and the use of exclamation marks emphasises his humour in his speech, suggesting a light hearted tone, this would have created a more amusing scene for an Elizabethan audience. During this scene the actor playing Mercutio would probably be dancing around with imaginary props, pretending to brew up a potion. He then continues to talk about Rosaline; he speaks about her in a manor that is rude and obnoxious, he mocks Romeo as he believes he is superficial and that he is only in love with Rosaline's beauty; â€Å"By her high forehead and her scarlet lip, By her fine foot, straight leg and quivering thigh† Here Mercutio is saying that Rosaline is a prostitute and Benvolio believes that this would anger Romeo. Mercutio replies; â€Å"This cannot anger him ‘twould anger him To raise a spirit in his mistress' circle† In this sentence Mercutio begins to use sexual references; he says it would only anger Romeo if someone else was to sleep with Rosaline. During this scene Mercutio is loud and energetic. A modern audience would think this funny and witty but an Elizabethan audience may have been more shocked at what he was saying. During Act 2 Scene 4, Mercutio and the Nurse meet. In much the same way as with Rosaline, Mercutio is again vulgar about the nurse; â€Å"Good Peter, to hide her face; for her fan's the fairer face.† The repetition of the letter ‘F' emphasizes a harsh tone and suggests to the audience a feeling of disgust towards the nurse. Mercutio is saying that the nurse is unattractive, but she does not let this pass as she is aggressive and says; â€Å"Out upon you! What a man are you!† This shows the Nurses mutual disliking for Mercutio as well. In Act 2, Scene 4, Mercutio compliments Tybalt's skills as a fighter; he calls him â€Å"Prince of Cats†. This is because Mercutio thinks that Tybalt is quick on his feet and a fast swordsman, Tybalt wins all of his duels, Mercutio says that he has â€Å"nine lives† for this reason. â€Å"Don't think he's just the Prince of Cats! Oh no – he's way more than that.† Although Mercutio is saying how much of a good swordsman Tybalt is, he still ends up fighting him and ironically Mercutio loses, he does this because he is a show off and he thinks he is best. When Mercutio challenges Tybalt to a duel, Tybalt asks â€Å"What wouldst thou have with me?† Mercutio replies; â€Å"Good king of cats, nothing but one of your nine lives† This shows that Mercutio is still using references to Tybalt being â€Å"the Prince of Cats†. Also even when he has been stabbed by Tybalt, Mercutio says that the wound is only; â€Å"A scratch, a scratch† In Act 3, Scene 1, where Mercutio is nearing his death, he suddenly becomes a lot more serious, but because of his ego he still manages to make witty remarks and keeping the comedy going; â€Å"Ask for me to-morrow, and you shall find me a grave man.† I believe that because of Mercutio's personality, and always making things worse, he brought upon his own death even though in his mind he would have thought it was a good thing to do. Shakespeare probably killed Mercutio off here because it builds up a climax and creates a dramatic effect. In my opinion Mercutio has brought his death on himself by his antagonistic personality, and always provoking others. He finally meets his match, Tybalt. Although, I don't think the play would be what it is without Mercutio, as a comic character is needed, for example; to help lighten moods of scenes when needed. Without Mercutio in the play, Romeo and other characters would have died a lot sooner, suggesting to the audience that Mercutio is a hero in some way. On the other hand, everyone may have survived as it was generally Mercutio that pushed things on, often making things worse.

Red Dog Film

How does Red Dog Use The Distinctively Visual to Present Unique Australian Ideas of Mateship?The film â€Å"Red Dog†, directed by Kriv Stenders, effectively uses the distinctly visual to present unique Australian ideas of mateship and the harshness of the Australian outback. It is though film techniques such as camera shots, sound, colour and lighting that creates the distinct images of the Australian identity.A number of different factors combined create this great film demonstrating the typical Australian values. These include the setting, the comedic script, nostalgic elements, the love story and the pure ‘Australianness’ of the story and its characters. The film highlights the harshness of the Australian outback as well as the natural beauty of the region that serves as a scenic background for the close friendship in rural, working communities. However it is more than just a scenic backdrop, it is a landscape that portrays issues of very real threat of isolati on, starvation and death in the vast dry rural landscape. In â€Å"Red Dog†, the danger of the outback is demonstrated by John Grant’s sudden death on the desert road.In the opening sequence of the film, aerial shots are used to establish the setting and show the vastness of the landscape and the harshness of the environment. Many sound effects of bees, flies and crickets are heard by the audience as Thomas walks to the bar, to indicate that the area around is a dry arid landscape.The film represents the hot, harsh Australian outback through the use of colour and lighting. In particular, the colour of the dust (rustic red or orange) is an iconic and distinctly Australian outback colour. It symbolises the relentless heat in the outback. The degree of intensity is the strong blocks of red that is established in this scene. The bright colours and lighting and high saturation (strong colours) shows how stark the environment or heat is as well as the brightness of the sun. The orange or red tinges highlight the heat. Throughout the whole film, these ‘warmer’ colours have been used to resemble Western Australia, one of the hottest, driest parts of Australia. The colours make the terrain look dry, hot, barren and somewhat isolated.In Red Dog’s death scene, long shots are used to let the audience view the Australian outback terrain. This part of the scene opens up with an extreme long shot, highlighting the isolation that exists in the Pilbara and emphasises the vastness of this land. The film effectively provides a realistic portrayal of the harsh Australian outback through distinctly visual techniques such as camera shots, sound, colour and lighting.The familiar Australian bush-story theme of mateship, loyalty and respect between man and dog, a traditional identity of Australian life, is conveyed in â€Å"Red Dog†. The director uses skilful camera and visual techniques to portray this stereotypical value of mateship. The dire ctor uses an anthropomorphic approach through the anthropomorphism in his representation of â€Å"Red Dog†.This can be seen when the character Jack begins to explain Red Dog to Thomas and states â€Å"It’s not what he did but who he was†. This has the effect of privileging Red Dog as equal to Jack and everyone else. This also gives Red Dog an identity. He is not just some dog that they all loved, he had developed a personality and the townspeople understood Red Dog. Red Dog is a mate of the townspeople.Red Dog is a story about mateship, especially in the isolation of this big harsh country. It is a story about a man and his dog, or a dog and his master, told through the lens of mateship. The Australian notion of mateship is highlighted when Joko suggests that they erect a statue to â€Å"somebody who lives and breathes desolation, somebody that has red dust stuck up their nose and in their eyes and in their ears and up their arses!Mates who are loyal by nature no design†¦ somebody that represents the Pilbara in all of us and I say that somebody, dammit, IS A DOG!† It is also depicted in the line â€Å"More than a man’s best friend. A mate to the entire community†. The unique Australian idea of mateship between dog and human is a key theme in Red Dog which is reflected using distinctively visual techniques.Unique Australian ideas of mateship and the harshness of the Australian outback are presented through the use of the distinctly visual in Stenders’s film â€Å"Red Dog†. The director captures these Australian identities by using skilful camera and visual techniques, creating a film shaped with meaning and life.

Lion’s Creed Essay

Listen good, my children; this is a story of my past, and it takes place when I was a little whelp, like you, in a village in Africa. We might be in chains now, but free your ears of the shackles of slavery and listen closely. This is a tale of a man called Credo, a brave man, a strong man. Once, not so long ago, there were these two men, strong as lions fighting over territory in the savannahs of the African continent, a man called Credo, and a man called Kha’Jin. But this story begins much earlier, when Credo was still a pup: The air was stale and the sun was scorching the earth as clouds of dust hovered over the grassy plains, and besides the squawking noise of various carrion feeders, everything seemed to be at a halt. There, a blood-gorged pit near a small tribal village; in this arena did, by a trial of blood, boys become true men. And one boy in particular has passed his test, a boy lighter than the others, who was adopted by the Zulus as an infant, when a pack of hyena s attacked and most likely killed his parents. I would know, as my father was the one who found him in the savannah, I was but a boy when Credo passed his test, and I was afraid because he was different. But he grew, and as he grew, he honored the tribe by hard work and dedication, the values that would bring him into the ring of blood in which he now stands. There he is covered in blood, shaking from exhaustion, breathing for his life, the young boy, and above him, a grown man with a spear in one hand, and in the other, a shield decorated with a bloody, zebra’s hide. They know each other, at least the boy knows the man. This is a man deemed to be one of the strongest in the village, a man that can lift a whole wildebeest by himself! With a quick thrust at Credo, the man seemed to have secured his victory– or so he thought. The boy leapt to the side like a cougar, passion and fear intermixing in his deep, blue eyes to become the most powerful weapon one can ever hope to yield; as salty sweat ran down his blood and d ust covered face, the will to live helped the boy defeat his enemy. Swinging recklessly, the man stumbled, and the boy, Credo, took this opportunity to win. As he turned, Credo’s tomahawk began to enter the area between the enemy’s shoulderblades. The man’s eyes widened in despair, and he stood motionless for a few, good moments. Then, as if the stone axe took a week to lodge itself into his body, a loud scream decorated the stale silence of the crowd watching around the ring; the man was now on his knees, not ready, but helpless enough to receive the finishing blow. The boy stood over his enemy, snatched the spear out of his hand, and looked him in the eyes. What he saw, was fear–the fear of death; this fear, however, did not stop Credo from taking his place among the tribe. â€Å"Kill or be killed,† echoed through his head†¦ The spear now stood erect in the man’s chest, the dust clouds whizzing by, while everything else remained silent. In the silence, the gravel grinding beneath credo’s footste ps was the only noise. Slowly circling his nearly dead enemy, Credo took his tomahawk into his hands once again. He turned towards the man again, lifted his hands high, so everyone could see them, and as the rays of sunlight enveloped his weapon, he struck downwards with unrelenting force. An unpleasant sound of bones breaking and teeth and skull fragments dropping to the ground like dates, blood gushing faster than the raging Ncandu Falls. Red all over, Credo knew that this was hi’s domain now. But the story begins in his prime; after passing his test, Credo, seeing no point in fighting his, now, own people, turned to the hunt and was recognized by the son of the Chief Kha’Zix, Kha’Jin. The two grew up to be inseparable; they were the two who would bring our tribe to new heights. I remember looking up to their brotherhood, as a boy. The two would come back from a long day of hunting, with large, white grins on their faces as they dragged their catch into the village. I hoped I could be like them one day†¦ Marching out of a amber sunset with food for the tribe. But at the turning of age, when the Zulu chief, Kha’Zix is on his ill with an unknown disease brought in by those white devils from far away lands, a new chief was needed. Credo, who proved himself over and over with his leadership abilities and fiery attitude, has caught the eye of the village elders. Despite most of the tribe not wanting a ‘white devil’ as their leader, Credo was in position to be the next chief. Obsessing with the thrill of the hunt, and proving his village that he was the ultimate hunter, Credo unconsciously ignored the struggle for power as things fell apart. Credo had his eyes set on the greatest honor amongst the Zulu people, mastering the lion’s own game. He intended to use the pelt of the lion as a gift to his chief and father, and at the same time prove his worth. The sun was beating down the Zulu village, as usual, and everyone was busy; some over come with sweat, curved like sickles, hastily picking out ripe yams from the dirty fields, some sitting, with their brows tense, scraping and tanning leather, while others were stringing bows, arguing what traps are best suited for hunting and warfare, as though preparing for war, actually. And as this went on, Credo was further away, in the open fields of South Africa, hunting like a wild cat, prowling through the low brush of the plains of South Africa, sneaking, trying not to make a single branch crackle under his cautious footsteps. Wildebeest was his game today; he needed a large catch as food was scarce those days†¦ He let out a beastly yell as he started running towards the herd, which immediately ran in the opposite direction. This hunter, had no intention of letting his prey loose; he guided one of the smaller calves into an oasis, where he carefully prepared a trap to catch it. Trapped, the beast was dazed, but slowly breaking loose, as the net was not meant to hold down such large animals. He flung his bola at the calf wildebeest’s legs. The bola wrapped around them with a whizzing sound, and moments after, it was helpless, on the ground, yelping. The other wildebeest were long gone by the time Credo was standing dominant above his prey, its tongue out, struggling to stand up and run away, still producing inarticulate sounds, crying for help. Bowing down, Credo unsheathed his jambiya, a curved dagger he ‘confiscated’ from a corpse of a merchant up north near the town of Sofala, east from our village. He looked at the calf one last time, and bathed in its fear; he placed the tip, gently at the left side of the base of its head, his eyes widened, his hand jerked, his roar frightened th e birds around, as he pushed in, and then across, leaving a pool of blood behind as a memory. Bringing the carcass back to the village, Credo is stopped by Kha’Jin, the son of the sickly chief. â€Å"Going back to the village with such a large amount of meat by yourself, are you?† said Kha’Jin as he blocked Creedo’s way with his large body. â€Å"Yes, brother, how are you doing today?† Kha’Jin’s smile was showing now, and they embraced each other with a powerful pat on the back. â€Å"What an odd question to ask someone when their father is dying, and their so called ‘friend’ is next in line.† Smiled Kha’Jin. â€Å"I am†¦ sorry, I did not mean to offend. And, what exactly do you mean ‘next in line,’ next in line for what?† The mood suddenly changed to something less friendly, and you could almost hear Kha’Jin’s brow furrowing. â€Å"Are you serious?! You are to become the next chief, Credo, you are to become what I was destined to! You†¦ you took that away from me, just like you tried to take away my father, but he never favored you, I was always his favourite, because†¦ because I am his real son, and because I am the same like everyone in the village–† Now losing his patience, Credo dropped his prey and a familiar darkness surrounded his head. Credo was alway one to lose his temper quickly; lies and disrespect were ways to make him furious, as he tolerated neither. Credo, in fact, was always favored by the chief, as he did not show great ambition to become chief, but to help his village, even if it meant the most difficult labor. The son, on the other hand, was proving himself worthy to be chief, arrogant enough to think the title will be bestowed upon him no matter what. A thundering fist flew towards Kha’Jin’s face, who was much larger than Credo, physically. Credo was not afraid, he assaulted the chief’s son with great fury before being held back by other village members, who now looked down upon his behavior. â€Å"Who attacks someone in mourning,† we thought. The next day, no one spoke to Credo, and stricken with rage and anguish, Credo attempted something he was not yet ready for. Gathering his weapons, he headed towards the barren plains to the north. Now I know that this was, in fact, the part of Kha’Jin’s plan to get rid of the only thing standing between him and the title of chief. The sun set with a glaring orange tint, and the tribe moved on to the tomorrow as Credo to his demise. The night was young and Credo stupid. He decided to attack the alpha lion by himself, in the dark. Stalking the lion, Credo’s only thoughts were of his timed attack; â€Å"Strike when ready†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He thought. The lion was asleep, and Credo was going to take this chance to best the beast. He was too foolish to remember that lions do not sleep alone. Before he even got close, let alone the chance to pounce, he was jumped by a lioness, which pinned him to the ground and looked at him, baring her teeth, ready to attack. She tore off a fist sized portion of Credo’s muscle with a single rake of her claw, but our hero made up for his lack of insight with his agility; he grabbed some dust into his bleeding fist and flung it, along with his fingers, into the lioness’ right eye. The beast roared, and stumbled away from him. Barely managing to get up, Credo ran for his dear life. He didn’t get too far when he fell and stopped moving. The next morning Credo awoke, and the lushness of a forest surrounded him, he was marveled, yet confused by its beauty, still dazed from the wound the lioness inflicted. He realized: the closest forest to the village is half a day away, and above him stood three large figures, one of which was Kha’Jin. He stood there, his shadow gleaming over Credo, with a wide smirk on his face. â€Å"Awake, ‘brother’? I have good news, and bad news, at least; I decided. I will make you chief. Bad news: You will not be chief of MY village, not while alive.† laughed the man. The men, carrying sticks and stones, took turns savagely beating Credo into a pulp of bloody fury. Bones were cracking and skin was tearing; if he did not die of the sheer pain, he would die of shame later on. Just like a lion will die if his mane is cut off. Laying there broken, defeated, humiliated, the only thoughts that were coming through Credo’s head were that of vengeance and redemption. The young hunter spent two days and two nights whimpering in pain, until he was found by a group of those ‘white devils’ passing through the forest, scouting the area. Unconscious he lay there, as the group approached†¦ Chapter 2: A Fresh Beginning Day 2: After arriving to this new land, me and the royal expedition have decided to explore and get familiar with the environment. Mostly a savannah, this region is dotted with several forests; we are about to examine the one close to our base camp for new species of animals and plants. This hot weather will, most certainly, prove to be difficult to handle in this warm clothing. â€Å"Good Lord, Mary! Look at this poor man, laying over there under that tree!† pointed one of the three soldiers accompanying me. â€Å"Quickly, someone, give that man some help!† No matter how and how much we tried to awaken him, he would not budge, exhausted, beaten and dehydrated, he was in barely any condition to live, let alone open his eyes. If the pain did not kill him, the infections, surely would. Still, it is important to try. We scurried him back to the camp where I treated him with bandages and liniment. Day 5: Miraculously, a few days later, he awoke. He seemed different than the rest of the royal expedition, feral is the word best describing him. He saw, that we seem quite like himself, or so he thought. He was intrigued by our skin color, for some reason; it is fairer than his own, and living amongst the Africans, it must have confused him. With his head lowered, the subject in front of me, Samuel, I will name him, looked around in curiosity. I take it he grew up here, though he looks very British to me. At first frightened by the unknown, this man was willing to set that aside and accept us as family in order to, perhaps, repay the debt of saving his life. Day 246: A long time has passed since we rescued Samuel, and he has, over the course of the last half a year, or so, has proven to be the most fascinating creature ever. His learning abilities are extraordinary, as are his abilities to hunt, learned from the native tribes, I presume. I also note that in such a short time, we have been able to learn much about his former people, as he calls them, as he learned about us. We are now able to communicate, to a certain extent, and Samuel seems to have taken a liking in us, especially myself. Unfortunate this is, indeed. We have received a new mission, it is to use Samuel to find the tribes, and expand the borders of the British, Christian Empire and remove all potential barricades and threats. It pains me to use this man after he has done so much for us, but if the Lord wishes so, it will be done. In the meantime, Samuel still practiced his hunting skills, though this time, with gunpowder and rifles. He finally caught, what he told me to be the most dangerous game in the savannah, the lion. He presented its pelt as a gift, which was in his culture, the greatest honor, for both factions. â€Å"This is thank you, for rescuing me,† stated Credo, on his knees. â€Å"This is most peculiar, Samuel, why†¦ I don’t know what to say! I suppose a thank you is in an order, and you are most certainly welcome. It was only proper of God’s men and women to save their lost brother, I am sure you would have done the same.† I reluctantly took the lion’s pelt. There was a glimmer of hope in Samuel’s eyes, he had found his true family, his own kin. The rest of the colonists made him believe that they meant only the best for the native peoples, and that the only thing they wanted was to spread Christianity and bring peace amongst the tribes. Chapter 3: The Return Foolishly enough, Credo led the colonists to our village, his old home. He was the ambassador of the two factions, not the great hunter I was used to seeing as a young boy. The peacebringer, not the hunter, not the warrior he used to be, and that is what brought him to his knees once again, he was reborn, but he was weak, not strong. He was naive, still; he believed anyone who said they believed him. Even the colonists, the white demons who wanted to purge our land of US! Kha’Jin was now chief of our tribe, and he did not want the rest to find out what he has done to Credo. Credo was managing to convince the tribe to convert to this strange belief, and he was saying how we would be protected from the other tribes and given technology to dominate. We did not need that, we needed Credo, the Great Lion. After one of his preachings, Credo was returning back to the colonist camp with two other soldiers. Kidnapping him, once again, he tied him to a tree in the same forest he was beaten in before. But things were different this time, Credo has matured into a better being, he has learned about the technology of the north and of the power of reason. Unfortunately, that was not at all effective with Kha’Jin, who tried to break Credo once again. Unwilling to suffer defeat once more, by the hand of the unjust, Credo’s animalistic instincts reactivated. The rush of pure adrenaline allowed him to snap the vines as though they were hay, and he leapt onto Kha’Jin, grabbing the first thing he could find, started savagely beating him until there was a bloody pool left on the ground. Meanwhile, in the village, the colonists were displeased with our lack of cooperation, so they decided to use force. One by one, the colonists were slaughtering my people like cattle, in an attempt to make an example. When Credo returned from the forest, still bloody and baring his fangs, the village consisted of two parts. One of which was the old, familiar place he used to call home, and the other a steaming pile of carcasses and stench of his former brethren. Baffled, he snuck into one of the houses still standing to find out the colonists were cleaning the land from the Zulu people. Overcome with anger, not thinking clearly, Credo decided it was time for retribution. Finding his dagger and old clothing, Credo, along with the night, crept into the colonist camp closest to his village, and as he has done before, slaughtered all living things in that camp, but one. He left Mary alive, he owed her his life, and he could not take hers away without taking his own too. With both Kha’Jin and the colonists gone, Credo was appointed the chief of the tribe and quickly regained his reputation in the village through hard work and his ferociousness. He was happy with himself, as he finally proved to everyone that he was the lion, the ultimate predator. Chapter 4: In The End†¦ Day 321: When I woke up in the morning, everyone was gone, and a note was stuck on a spear in the ground, next to my bed, it read: â€Å"Blood for blood, you killed my people, I killed yours. -Samuel Credo† I, the single colonist that survived, Mary, fled back to the port where I came form, grateful for my life, but furious with Credo’s actions. When I went back to the port, I demanded reinforcements and the cleansing of the Zulus, as they have killed the children of the Lord. Soon after, a battalion of one hundred or so royal soldiers marched to the village, and with our superior technological power, destroyed the Zulus, along with Credo, who fought relentlessly until the end.